In addition, there are many poems that contain motifs gleaned from Greek mythology and/or biblical data. Among German writers, Büchner, Goethe, Gottfried von Strassburg, Gryphius, Mörike, the poet of the Nibelungenlied, Novalis, Rilke, and Trakl all provided motifs that, often repeated, make for a dense network inviting attention to the self-referential and self-revealing patterns in Celan’s early work. He is regarded as one of the most important poets to emerge from post-World War II Europe.Paul Celan: Studies in His Early Poetry scrutinizes the influences detectable in the poems written during 1938-48. In addition to his own poems, he remained active as a translator, bringing out works from writers such as Henri Michaux, Osip Mandelstam, Rene Char, Paul Valéry, and Fernando Pessoa. During the 1960s he published more than six books of poetry and gained international fame. In 1960 he received a Georg Buchner Prize. His poems from this period grew shorter, more fragmented and broken in their syntax and perceptions. In 1959, Celan took a job as a reader in German Language and Literature at L'École Normal Superieure of the University of Paris, a position he would hold until his death in 1970. Among his most well-known and often-anthologized poems from this time is "Fugue of Death." The poem opens with the words "Black milk of daybreak we drink it at evening we drink it at midday and morning we drink it at night" and it goes on to offer a stark evocation of life in the Nazi death camps. His second book, Mohn und Gedaechtnis (Poppy and Memory), however, garnered tremendous acclaim and helped to establish his reputation. They had a son, Eric, in 1955.Ĭelan's first book was published in 1947 it received very little critical attention. He took his Licence des Lettres in 1950, and in 1952 he married the graphic artist Gisele de Lestrange. He lived briefly in Vienna before settling in Paris in 1948 to study German philology and literature. In 1947 he settled on the pseudonym Celan-an anagram of Ancel, the Romanian form of his surname. He also began to publish his own poems and translations under a series of pseudonyms. He worked as a reader in a publishing house and as a translator. In 1945, he moved to Bucharest and became friends with many of the leading Romanian writers of the time. His parents were deported and eventually died in Nazi labor camps Celan himself was interned for eighteen months before escaping to the Red Army.
He studied medicine in Paris in 1938, but returned to Romania shortly before the outbreak of World War II. The son of German-speaking Jews, Celan grew up speaking several languages, including Romanian, Russian, and French. Paul Antschel, who wrote under the pseudonym Paul Celan, was born in Czernovitz, in Romania, on November 23, 1920.
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